chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A study by Australia's Edith Cowan University found that higher dietary intake of vitamin K1, found in leafy greens like spinach and kale, is associated with better lung function and a 16% lower likelihood of COPD. The research, published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, analyzed 179,062 participants over 10.5 years and noted stronger effects in smokers and high-risk workers, though vitamin K2 showed no similar benefits.