modern humans

Neanderthal genes may enhance muscle traits in modern humans, and most people carry some Neanderthal DNA.

Scientists have identified evidence of a third ancient lineage, referred to as a 'ghost lineage,' that interbred with modern humans in Africa before they migrated out of the continent. This lineage, distinct from Neanderthals and Denisovans, left traces in human DNA detected through advanced analytical techniques, though no physical remains of this group have been discovered yet.

The nanostructure of tooth enamel in primates, hominins, and modern humans changed as their diets evolved. The arrangement of mineral nanocrystals in enamel reflects dietary shifts during species evolution.